【多益文法】明明都是-ing,動名詞、現在分詞差別在哪裡?

2024/03/25
  • 動名詞
  • 線在分詞
【多益文法】明明都是-ing,動名詞、現在分詞差別在哪裡?

原形動詞字尾加-ing在英文很常見,可是許多學員經常不太清楚V-ing的用法。在準備多益文法時,老師或教科書有時說V-ing是「動名詞」,有時又說V-ing是「現在分詞」。它們的差別究竟是甚麼呢?我們今天就要一次跟你說明白!

如何幫動詞加-ing

大部分的規則或不規則動詞,直接在字尾加-ing:sleep → sleeping、study → studying。

字尾是e的動詞,先去掉e再加-ing:drive → driving、leave → leaving。

動詞重音節在字尾,且字尾末三字母是「子音 + 母音+子音」時,要先重複最後子音的字母,再加上-ing:cut → cutting、swim → swimming。

動詞字尾是ie時,先去掉ie,再加上-ying:die → dying、tie → tying。

動詞字尾是c時,加上-king:panic → panicking、mimic → mimicking。

動名詞

V-ing首先可以當「動名詞」,也就是把動詞轉化成名詞的用法。既然動名詞具備名詞的功能,它就可以當作句子的主詞、受詞、補語。讓我們看以下的例句:

1. 當句子的主詞:

1. Swimming is good for your health. (游泳有益健康。)
2. Photographing is not allowed in the museum. (博物館裡禁止攝影。)

2. 當句子的受詞:

3. Amy enjoys cooking and baking. (Amy喜歡煮菜跟烘焙。)
4. Ted should quit smoking. (Ted應該戒菸。)
5. The man was arrested for speeding. (那個男子因為超速而被捕。)

3. 補語:

6. Brenda's favorite exercise is jogging. (Brenda最喜歡的運動是慢跑。)
7. Sam's hobby is listening to music. (Sam的嗜好是聽音樂。)

現在分詞

V-ing也可以當「現在分詞」,不過現在分詞的功能比較多,以下幾種是常見的用法:

動詞進行式

現在分詞可以跟be動詞或助動詞have結合在一起,表達各種時態的進行式。例句:

8. 現在進行式:

The baby is sleeping in her room. (寶寶正在她的房間睡覺。)

9. 過去進行式:

As I was driving to work this morning, another car hit me from behind.(今天早上我開車上班途中,有一台車從後面撞上了我的車。)

10. 現在完成進行式:

I've been studying all day. I'm so tired. (我念了一整天的書。我超累的。)

感官動詞後

現在分詞可以放在感官動詞(例如:see、smell、hear、feel)後面,描述主詞的感官經驗。這種用法的句型為:主詞 + 感官動詞 + 受詞 + 現在分詞。例句:

11. I smelled some food burning in the kitchen. (我聞到廚房裡有食物燒焦了。)
12. We could hear some dogs barking. (我們可以聽到幾隻狗在叫。)

形容詞

現在分詞可以當作形容詞,修飾名詞。例句:

13. That movie is exciting. (那部電影很刺激。)
14. It was an amusing show. (那場秀很好看。)
15. A boy was trapped inside the burning house. (有一個男童被困在那棟著火的房子裡。)
16. The hiker fell off the cliff as he tried to avoid some falling rocks from the top of the mountain. (那個登山客因為試圖躲避山頂上掉下來的落石而跌落峭壁。)

分詞構句(高階句型)

現在分詞可以用於分詞構句,讓複雜的句子更精簡。例句:

17. Feeling hungry, Joe went into the kitchen and opened the refrigerator.
= Because he felt hungry, Joe went into the kitchen and opened the refrigerator.
(因為他肚子餓了,Joe走進廚房打開冰箱。)

18. Who is that girl talking to Professor Lin?
= Who is that girl who is talking to Professor Lin?
(那個在跟林教授說話的女生是誰?)

19. The bomb exploded, destroying the building.
= The bomb exploded and that destroyed the building.
(炸彈爆炸摧毀了那棟建築物。)

練習

請大家判斷下面句子中,畫底線的V-ing是動名詞還是現在分詞。如果是現在分詞的話,判斷它的功能。

1. It's not my fault we're lost. The map is really confusing.

2. From the window we could see the children playing in the yard.

3. Awaiting the judge's verdict, the defendant took a deep breath.

4. Establishing rapport between students and teachers is essential for the mission of education to be successful.




 

解析

1. Confusing是當作形容詞的現在分詞,表示「令人困惑的」,修飾主詞the map。整句話的意思是:我們迷路不是我的錯。這個地圖很難看懂。

2. Playing是放在感官動詞see之後的現在分詞。整句話的意思是:我們可以從窗戶看到小孩子在院子裡玩。

3. Awaiting是分詞構句中的現在分詞。原句可以改成:As he was awaiting the judge's verdict, the defendant took a deep breath.。整句話的意思是:被告在等法官宣判時深呼吸了一口氣。

4. Establishing是動名詞。Establishing rapport between students and teachers是原句的主詞。整句話的意思是:建立師生間的和諧關係對教育要成功的目標來說是至關重要的。

結論

本篇文章說明動名詞與現在分詞的差異。如果學員想完整地學習英文文法,我們推薦巨匠美語的文法課程。巨匠與專業的文法老師合作,將文法結合聽說讀寫等課堂遊戲,讓你用有趣的方式,有效率地學習英文文法。