比較級與最高級是非常實用的英文句型,因為生活中我們時常需要比較事情,例如:選擇產品、決定餐廳。在本篇學習文章中,我們將討論形容詞跟副詞的比較級與最高級變化的規則。我們也會整理比較級與最高級的句型文法。如果你正在準備多益文法,相信對你會很有幫助。
形容詞比較級的用途
如果我們要說明狀況的改變,或者比較兩個名詞,我們可以使用形容詞的比較級。
1. I was sick yesterday, but I'm feeling better now.
(我昨天生病,不過我今天好多了。)
2. You can make a curry hotter by adding chilies.
(加入辣椒可以讓咖哩變辣。)
3. Tokyo is much larger than Kyoto.
(東京比京都大很多。)
4. French is more difficult than English.
(法文比英文難。)
形容詞最高級的用途
如果我們要比較三個或以上的名詞,我們可以使用形容詞的最高級。
1. Mount Jade is the highest mountain in Taiwan.
(玉山是台灣最高峰。)
2. This hotel is the cheapest in town.
(這間旅館是鎮裡最便宜的。)
3. It was the happiest day of my life.
(那天是我人生中最快樂的一天。)
4. This is the best restaurant I've been to this year.
(這是我今年吃過最棒的餐廳。)
形容詞比較級與最高級的變化規則
規則1:多數單音節的形容詞,比較級在字尾加-er,最高級在字尾加-est。
old |
older |
oldest |
long |
longer |
longest |
規則2:如果字尾是-e,比較級在字尾加-r,最高級在字尾加-st。
nice |
nicer |
nicest |
large |
larger |
largest |
規則3:如果字尾是「母音 + 子音」,先重複子音,然後加-er或-est。
big |
bigger |
biggest |
thin |
thinner |
thinnest |
規則4:如果字尾是「 子音 + -y」,將-y改成-i,然後加-er或-est。
happy |
happier |
happiest |
silly |
sillier |
silliest |
規則5:多音節的形容詞,比較級在字前加more,最高級在字前加most。
famous |
more famous |
most famous |
important |
more important |
most important |
有些形容詞的比較級與最高級是不規則變化:
good |
better |
best |
bad |
worse |
worst |
far |
farther/further |
farthest/furthest |
副詞比較級的用途
如果我們要表示改變,或者比較兩個動作,可以使用副詞的比較級。
1. Susan forgets things more often nowadays.
(Susan現在比較容易忘記事情。)
2. He began to speak more slowly.
(他說話開始慢了下來。)
3. Girls usually work harder than boys.
(女生通常比男生工作認真。)
4. Amy cooks more often than she used to.
(Amy現在比以前更常煮飯。)
副詞最高級的用途
如果我們要比較三個或以上的動作,可以使用副詞的最高級。
1. It snows most often at the beginning of the year.
(這裡年初最常下雪。)
2. In our office, Jim works the hardest.
(在我們辦公室裡,Jim工作最認真。)
3. Of all the competitors, Sam runs the fastest.
(所有參賽者中,Sam跑最快。)
4. People work best when they feel valued.
(人們覺得被重視時工作表現最好。)
副詞比較級與最高級的變化規則
與形容詞變化的規則類似。
規則1:多數單音節的副詞,比較級在字尾加-r或-er,最高級在字尾加-st或-est。
hard |
harder |
hardest |
fast |
faster |
fastest |
soon |
sooner |
soonest |
late |
later |
latest |
規則2:多數字尾是-ly的副詞,比較級在字前加more,最高級在字前加most。
clearly |
more clearly |
most clearly |
quickly |
more quickly |
most quickly |
slowly |
more slowly |
most slowly |
frequently |
more frequently |
most frequently |
💡 例外:early → earlier → earliest
有些副詞的比較級與最高級是不規則變化:
well |
better |
best |
badly |
worse |
worst |
far |
farther/further |
farthest/furthest |
1. Tom speaks Chinese better than his sister.
(Tom中文說得比他姐姐好。)
2. She did worse than she was expecting in the exams.
(她考得比她預期的還要糟。)
3. I don't think I can walk any farther.
(我走不動了。)
其它表示比較的句型
重複比較級:better and better
我們用重複比較級表示「程度漸漸加強」。
1. Bob's Japanese is getting better and better.
(Bob日文說得越來越好了。)
2. Things are getting more and more expensive.
(東西變得越來越貴。)
3. My heart beat faster and faster during my job interview.
(我的心跳面試時跳得越來越快。)
4. These days, more and more people are learning multiple foreign languages.
(最近越來越多人學習多個外語。)
雙重比較級:the sooner, the better
雙重比較級有兩個部分,都以 the 為首。第二部分的比較通常是第一部分比較的「結果」。
1. The younger you are, the easier it is to lose weight.
(你越年輕,減重越容易。)
2. The faster a river flows, the more dangerous it is.
(河水流得越快越危險。)
3. Many people believe the more expensive the better.
(很多人認為越貴越好。)
4. A: When do you need the report? B: The sooner the better!
(A: 你甚麼時候要報告呢?B: 越快越好!)
小練習
選擇正確答案。
-
Mr. Wang is _____ candidate for that position. He has both expertise and experience.
(A) the good
(B) better
(C) best
(D) the best
-
You will find your way around the city _____ if you have a map.
(A) easy
(B) easier
(C) more easily
(D) most easy
-
While Tom was waiting for his interview, he became _____.
(A) most nervous
(B) more nervously
(C) more and more nervous
(D) more and more nervously
-
Research shows that the more time people spend watching TV, the _____ they are to die early.
(A) likely
(B) likelier
(C) more likely
(D) most likely
解析
-
求職者眾多。根據王先生的條件,他是「最棒的」候選人。所以正確答案是(D)。
-
根據句子的結構,空格處需放副詞,所以正確答案是(C)。整句話的意思是:如果你有地圖的話,你在這個城市裡比較不會迷路。
-
根據句意,Tom等候面試時,心裡「越來越緊張」,所以正確答案是(C)。
-
整句話的句型是雙重比較級,所以正確答案選(C)。整句話的意思是:研究顯示人們看電視的時間越久,他們就越可能早死。
結論
本篇學習文章說明比較級與最高級的用法。如果學員想完整地學習英文文法,我們推薦巨匠美語的文法課程。巨匠與專業的文法老師合作,將文法結合聽說讀寫等課堂遊戲,讓你用有趣的方式,有效率地學習英文文法。