IELTS雅思聽力「流程圖」實戰技巧6步驟

指示字(Signpost Words)

如果我們要用中文解釋做事情的步驟，我們通常會這樣說：「首先......。然後......。接下來......。」。相同地，在英文中，說話者也會利用這些「指示字」來銜接多個步驟。考生只要利用這些「指示字」來判斷說話者接著要解釋流程圖中的哪個步驟，接下來的聽力也就簡單許多了。

以下是流程圖題型中，說話者常使用的指示字種類與例子：

填空型流程圖解題步驟

了解指示字的重要性之後，讓我們用以下聽力第二部分的例題說明填空型流程圖的解題步驟：

Complete the flow chart below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

How to book meeting rooms

Step 1：詳讀作答指示

此大題要求我們用聽到的字填空。每題答案最多不超過三個字。

Step 2：分析流程圖

判斷流程圖的主題，然後研究流程圖上的步驟。以上面的例題來說，我們可以知道說話者將說明訂會議室的三個步驟。

Step 3：判斷答案的詞性

判斷題目裡的關鍵字，然後預測答案的類型。以例題來說，訂會議室的第一個步驟是選擇會議室的類型、時間，以及某個東西。我們可以預測空格裡的字是名詞。

Step 4：留意指示字

如果說話者說到某個指示字，通常表示他們將接著說明下一個步驟。

Step 5：留意題目關鍵字的同義字或轉述語

答案通常在關鍵字的同義字或轉述語附近。以第一題來說，select的同義字是choose。如果聽到choose的話，我們就需要集中注意力，因為答案就在附近。

Step 6：注意拼字

注意拼字正確與否。答案拼錯字將被視為錯誤答案。

讓我們研究以下的聽力稿。指示字我們用底線標明。

聽力稿：

Hello. On behalf of myself and my colleagues at the buildings administration department, I'd like to welcome you all to the new company headquarters. Now, here in this brand new complex, we have a wealth of flexible facilities and space available for use. So, if you need a small meeting room for two people or a presentation suite for up to fifty, we at buildings admin. can help. However, we would ask that you don't just go into an empty room and start using it. We ask everybody to follow this simple roombooking procedure using the company intranet.

First, choose the sort of room you require and, most importantly, don't forget to tell us the time and date you'll be needing it. And you might also like to let us know if you have any special requirements – conference calling facilities, for example. Coffee and other refreshments are always available. But if you need sandwiches, a buffet or a sit-down lunch, you need to contact the catering department. Next, fill in the booking form with your contact details. This is an internal billing requirement, so please don't forget. Finally, you'll get confirmation of your room booking via email. And that's it! Simple!

第一題的話，當我們聽到 first 時，我們知道說話者要解釋第一個步驟。當我們聽到 choose the sort of room you require (題目select type of room 的轉述詞)時，我們可以判斷答案就在附近。利用 don't forget to tell us the time and date you'll be needing it，我們知道第一題的答案即是 date。

利用相同的方式，我們可以得知第二題的答案為 contact details (Next, fill in the booking form with your contact details.)。而且第三題的答案為 email (Finally, you'll get confirmation of your room booking via email.)。

配對型流程圖解題步驟

讓我們用以下聽力第三部分的例題(from Cambridge IELTS 13)說明配對型流程圖的解題步驟。此對話的說話者在討論以種子發芽當作他們實驗的主題。

Complete the flow chart below.
Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-H, next to questions 26-30.

Stages in the experiment

Step 1：詳讀作答指示

此大題要求我們用A到H選項的字填空。

Step 2：分析流程圖

判斷流程圖的主題，以及研究流程圖上的步驟。以例題來說，我們知道說話者將討論實驗的步驟。

Step 3：細讀題目

並且注意題目關鍵字的同義字或轉述語。

Step 4：留意指示字

如果說話者說到某個指示字，通常表示他們要接著說明下一個步驟。

Step 5：注意聽選項的同義字或轉述語

答案為聽力內容的同義字或轉述語。

讓我們研究以下的聽力稿。指示字我們用底線標明。

聽力稿：

(E = Emma; J = Jack)
E: Anyway, shall we have a look at the procedures for our experiment? We'll need to get going with it quite soon.

J: Right. So the first thing we have to do is find our seeds. I think vegetable seeds would be best. And obviously they mustn't all be the same size. So, how many sorts do we need? About four different ones?

E: I think that would be enough. There'll be quite a large number of seeds for each one.

J: Then, for each seed we need to find out how much it weighs, and also measure its dimensions, and we need to keep a careful record of all that.

E: That'll be quite time-consuming. And we also need to decide how deep we're going to plant the seeds – right on the surface, a few millimeters down, or several centimeters.

J: OK. So then we get planting. Do you think we can plant several seeds together in the same plant pot?

E: No, I think we need a different one for each seed.

J: Right. And we'll need to label them – we can use different coloured labels. Then we wait for the seeds to germinate – I reckon that'll be about three weeks, depending on what the weather's like. Then we see if our plants have come up, and write down how tall they've grown.

E: Then all we have to do is look at our numbers, and see if there's any relation between them.

J: That's right. So ...

以第26題來說，當我們聽到So the first thing we have to do的時候，我們知道說話者在討論第一個步驟。男生問how many sorts (of seeds) do we need?，sorts的同義字是types，所以答案為G。第27題的話，我們必須先聽到男生說的Then，以及接下來的for each seed we need to find out how much it weighs, and also measure its dimensions。how much it (the seed) weighs的轉述語為weight，所以答案為C。利用相同的方法，我們可以得知28題的答案為H(depths)，29題的答案為A(container)，30題的答案為E(height)。

總結

在本篇文章中，我們討論了如何回答雅思聽力中的「流程圖」題型。希望考生可以將以上的方法應用在實際的題目中。請持續關注我們的文章，一起戰勝雅思考試喔！