動詞三態怎麼背?三大祕訣不用再硬嗑單字書
「動詞三態」是哪三態?
動詞三態是一個動詞的「原形動詞」、「過去簡單式」、「過去分詞」。它們分別用於以下狀況:
➤原形動詞
原形動詞是所有動詞變化的基礎,例如go、drink、have、walk、love、like等等都是原形動詞。原形動詞也可以用於「祈使句」。例句:
Please sing with me.
請跟我一起唱。
➤過去簡單式
動詞的過去簡單式用於描述過去事實。例句:
Please sing with me.
請跟我一起唱。
➤過去分詞
動詞的過去分詞用於「完成式」或「被動語態」。例句:
She hasn't sung in front of so many people.
她還沒有在那麼多人面前演唱過。
The famous song has been sung in many languages.
這首名曲已經被翻唱成許多語言。
規則動詞的動詞三態
規則動詞比較簡單。過去簡單式與過去分詞的型態,直接在原形動詞字尾加-d或-ed即可。例子:
原形動詞 |
過去簡單式 |
過去分詞 |
中文翻譯 |
ask |
asked |
asked |
問 |
learn |
learned |
learned |
學習 |
start |
started |
started |
開始 |
play |
played |
played |
玩 |
die |
died |
died |
死亡 |
close |
closed |
closed |
關閉 |
like |
liked |
liked |
喜歡 |
hope |
hoped |
hoped |
希望 |
不規則動詞的動詞三態
原形動詞改變為過去簡單式或過去分詞沒有一定規則的,可分成四種類型:
1. AAA型(三態同型):
原形動詞 |
過去簡單式 |
過去分詞 |
中文翻譯 |
cost |
cost |
cost |
花費 |
cut |
cut |
cut |
割 |
hit |
hit |
hit |
打 |
let |
let |
let |
允許 |
put |
put |
put |
放置 |
read |
read |
read |
閱讀 |
set |
set |
set |
設置 |
spread |
spread |
spread |
展開 |
2. ABB型(過去簡單式與過去分詞相同)
原形動詞 |
過去簡單式 |
過去分詞 |
中文翻譯 |
buy |
bought |
bought |
購買 |
sell |
sold |
sold |
販賣 |
hold |
held |
held |
握住、舉辦 |
tell |
told |
told |
告訴 |
think |
thought |
thought |
思考 |
bring |
brought |
brought |
帶 |
meet |
met |
met |
遇見 |
keep |
kept |
kept |
保持 |
sleep |
slept |
slept |
睡覺 |
find |
found |
found |
發現 |
seek |
sought |
sought |
尋找 |
teach |
taught |
taught |
教 |
spend |
spent |
spent |
花費 |
send |
sent |
sent |
寄送 |
stand |
stood |
stood |
站立 |
feel |
felt |
felt |
感覺 |
catch |
caught |
caught |
捕抓 |
hear |
heard |
heard |
聽 |
build |
built |
built |
興建 |
3. ABC型(三態皆不同)
原形動詞 |
過去簡單式 |
過去分詞 |
中文翻譯 |
ride |
rode |
ridden |
騎 |
drive |
drove |
driven |
開車 |
shake |
shook |
shaken |
震動 |
choose |
chose |
chosen |
選擇 |
break |
broke |
broken |
打破 |
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
說話 |
write |
wrote |
written |
寫 |
eat |
ate |
eaten |
吃 |
fall |
fell |
fallen |
落下 |
forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
忘記 |
begin |
began |
begun |
開始 |
drink |
drank |
drunk |
喝 |
know |
knew |
known |
知道 |
fly |
flew |
flown |
飛 |
go |
went |
gone |
去 |
see |
saw |
seen |
看見 |
grow |
grew |
grown |
生長 |
swim |
swam |
swum |
游泳 |
do |
did |
done |
做 |
4. ABA型(原形動詞與過去分詞相同)
原形動詞 |
過去簡單式 |
過去分詞 |
中文翻譯 |
run |
ran |
run |
跑 |
come |
came |
come |
來 |
become |
became |
become |
變成 |
overcome |
overcame |
overcome |
克服 |
動詞三態怎麼背
看完上面不規則動詞的動詞三態整理表,是否仍然覺得霧煞煞,不知如何下手,才能記得動詞三態?我們以下分享幾個方法,你可以實驗看看:
1. 學到一個新的動詞時,三態一起學習
你之前學到一個新的動詞時,是否只是背誦它的原形動詞呢?試著動詞三態一起學習吧,通過例句更有效果。舉例:
Do you want to eat lunch together?
你想一起吃午餐嗎?
Amy ate an apple for breakfast this morning.
Amy今天早餐吃了一顆蘋果。
Sam has never eaten durian.
Sam從來沒吃過榴槤。
2. 將不規則動詞分組
我們上面提供動詞三態的四種變化類型。下次你學到一個新的不規則動詞時,試著把它加到上面的其中一個表格。例如freeze-froze-frozen屬於上面的ABC型,sweep(掃)-swept-swept則屬於上面的ABB型。一段時間之後,你就會有幾張自己的動詞三態表。你可以把這些表格列印出來,貼在明顯的地方幫助你自己複習。
3. 動詞變化遊戲
試試以下幾個遊戲,讓你利用有趣的方式,複習動詞三態變化。
MacMillan Dictionary: Verb Wheel
Games to Learn English
Irregular Verbs Match
結論
本篇文章提供幾個方法,幫助你學習動詞三態。如果學員想完整地學習英文文法,我們推薦巨匠美語的文法課程。巨匠與專業的文法老師合作,將文法結合聽說讀寫的課堂遊戲,幫助你用有趣的方式,有效率地學習英文文法。